Wir haben es wieder getan: Seit November gräbt das Archäologische Museum Hamburg wieder im Bereich der Neuen Burg und wir haben Kay-Peter Suchowa, den Grabungsleiter, nun zum dritten Mal vor das Mikrofon geholt!
Die Ausgrabungsfläche liegt auf historisch spannendem Gelände, denn das Gebiet gilt als die Keimzelle der 1188 gegründeten Hamburger Neustadt. Direkt unter dem Pflaster der heutigen Straße „Neue Burg“ befinden sich, vom Krieg und dem nachfolgenden Bauboom fast ungestörte, Befunde der mittelalterlichen und neuzeitlichen Bebauung. Wie ein riesiges Puzzle fügen sich die Ergebnisse der archäologischen Untersuchungen der Hausfundamente sowie des mittelalterlichen Walls zusammen und liefern damit hoch spannende Erkenntnisse zur Stadtgeschichte der Hansestadt.
Das Gebiet der Neuen Burg gilt als die Keimzelle der Hamburger Neustadt, die durch Kaiser Friedrich Barbarossa 1189 besondere Privilegien erhielt. Mit ihr begann der Aufstieg Hamburgs als Hansestadt. Die Neue Burg war im 11. Jahrhundert die größte Burganlage Norddeutschlands und wurde vom Billunger-Herzog Bernhard II. ab 1021 errichtet. Der mächtige Wall mit 36 m Breite und 5 m Höhe war sicherlich ein weithin sichtbares Zeichen herzoglicher Macht und sicherte den Westen Hamburgs gegen feindliche Angriffe, während der Heidenwall die Stadt nach Osten sicherte. Der Neuen Burg kam damit eine Schlüsselrolle als Nachfolger-Befestigung der Hammaburg zu. Im 12. Jahrhundert wurde die Neue Burg aufgegeben. Danach wurde das Innere der Burg aufgefüllt und die so gewonnene Fläche in annährend gleich große Grundstücke aufgeteilt und bebaut. Die Neusiedler erhielten besondere Rechte, wie zum Beispiel freie Schifffahrt auf der Elbe bis zur Mündung. Im Bereich des heutigen Hopfenmarktes standen neben der ersten Nikolaikirche auch das erste Rathaus und die Münze. Um 1220 wurden die Barbarossa-Privilegien der Neustadt auch auf die Altstadt übertragen, und Hamburg wuchs zusammen. Damit begann der Aufstieg zur Hansestadt.
Archäologisch betrachtet gibt diese wichtige Phase der Hamburger Stadtgeschichte immer noch viele Rätsel auf. Eine Schlüsselrolle kommt dabei der Neuen Burg als Nachfolgebau der Hammaburg zu. Kay Suchowa hofft nun, mit dieser Ausgrabung neue Erkenntnisse zur Neuen Burg, aber auch zur anschließenden Gründung der Neustadt und damit zu den Wurzeln Hamburgs als Handelsmetropole zu erhalten.
Wie spannend das ist und warum der ein oder andere Ur-Hamburger hier seine Wurzeln finden könnte, kann Euch Kay viel besser berichten – hört mal rein!
Links zu den Themen
Neue Burg – Hamburg, Webstory Mythos Hammaburg, Bernhard II, Billunger, F. Laeisz, Hopfenmarkt, Hauptkirche St. Nicolai, Trostbrücke, Structure from Motion, Hugenotten in Hamburg, HR016, HR004, Herr Rossi sucht das Glück
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